Japan enjoys a reputation as a country where people can expect belongings left behind on trains or in shops to be returned.

Less well known is that the nation's police have been struggling to handle a surge in lost items found by railway operators, shop staff and members of the public, with the numbers growing more than twofold in the past decade.

One reason for the trend, according to the police, is the growing use of smartphones, which along with related accessories, are often left behind. There has also been an increase in the number of foreign tourists who leave behind items they no longer need at hotels and stations, they said.