Max Mannheimer will never forget the words of his block leader when he entered the gates of Dachau concentration camp on Aug. 6, 1944.

"You're veterans at this by now," said the prisoner, a communist. "You know the most important thing is not to draw attention to yourselves if you want to survive."

Behind Max, then aged 24, and his younger brother Edgar had lain a long and gruelling trudge through Nazi concentration camps, including Auschwitz and Theresienstadt, and the Warsaw ghetto, during which the siblings had lost their entire family, most of them in Auschwitz, simply for being Jewish.