OSAKA — Fifty-six individuals who took entrance exams for institutes of higher learning filed lawsuits Friday with three district courts in the Kansai region against 22 private universities and 6 vocational colleges.

The plaintiffs, who did not enroll at the colleges they had applied to, are demanding that the institutions refund more than 58 million yen in admission and tuition fees.

Forty plaintiffs who filed lawsuits at the Osaka District Court paid a total of 38 million yen in admission fees, tuition fees and other expenses to 12 universities and five colleges before the 2002 academic year started in April, according to their lawyers. But these individuals either ended up attending other institutions or discontinued their studies for personal reasons, the lawyers said.