Higher-paid individuals with specialized skills and low-wage workers in need of additional income to make ends meet tend to take on second jobs more than middle-class workers, a government survey showed.

Among employees of different income classes, 6.25% of those earning ¥10 million ($67,000) or more a year in their main jobs had side jobs in 2022, with the proportion even higher for individuals earning ¥15 million or more, according to the Employment Status Survey by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

The survey on working conditions, conducted every five years, also showed that 6.25% of people earning less than ¥3 million per year in their regular jobs worked second jobs in 2022. The proportion tended to be higher for those who earned less.