Development of the world's economy began as an agrarian society, shifted to an industrial society following the 18th century's Industrial Revolution and evolved into an information society thanks to the appearance of computers in the latter half of the 20th century.

Information technology produced a lot of technical innovations and, as part of the process, increased financial activities by taking advantage of the growth of international liquidity and brought about a finance-oriented economy with the United States playing a leading role.

Financial instruments that were diversified in the U.S. expanded beyond the manageable limit, causing housing mortgage collapses and the fall of Lehman Brothers. This plunged the world economy into recession. Chaos spread to Europe and, with the financial collapse of some countries, led to the euro crisis.