PRAGUE — A plethora of anniversaries is arriving in Russia. This fall marks the 90th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917 and the 25th anniversary of the death of Leonid Brezhnev. Next month will see the 15th anniversary of the Soviet Union's disintegration. Only by understanding that first event, however, can we understand the others.

The October Revolution has always had many critics.

The Russian philosopher Ivan Shmelev named it "the great beating of Russia." Vasily Rozanov called it "The Massacre of Russia." Countless authors view it as a tragedy that broke the flow of history and destroyed Russia's best people.