I am writing from Honolulu, more than 60 years since the Japanese Imperial Navy's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 8, 1941, which started the Pacific War between Japan and the United States.

We must not forget that the root cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor can be traced to Japan's invasion of China, especially the Manchurian Incident (at Liutaochu) of Sept. 18, 1931, and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7, 1937.

Three years and eight months later, on Aug. 15, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally, putting an end to both the Pacific War and World War II.