Lately governments of all stripes have been on a charm offensive with Hanoi, hoping Vietnam’s policy of “bamboo diplomacy” — balancing relations with regional and global powers while attracting foreign investment — will bend their way.

In July, the U.S. announced a new trade deal with the Vietnamese government and its Communist Party rulers. Last month, European Union Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic visited Hanoi. In the coming months, the EU is likely to deepen trade and security ties with Vietnam through a “comprehensive strategic partnership.”

Since 2023, Vietnam has secured new comprehensive strategic partnerships with Japan, Australia, the U.S., France, Malaysia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Over the past two years, the leaders of Russia, China, the U.S. and Japan have all visited Vietnam.