Sometimes the smallest things cause the most trouble. This not only holds for the odd typo in an email address or a mosquito in your bedroom, but also for translations of apparently simple little words. Such as "and."

As a look at the long list of definitions in any proper dictionary will show, "and" can handle a large number of quite disparate functions. Obviously, the "and" in "ham and eggs" does something entirely different from the one in "and they lived happily ever after." We just don't give too much thought about it in English, because it's all done with one and the same word.

Japanese, by contrast, is a little more particular about its "ands" and that's where the trouble starts. Likely the first word for "and" new learners of Japanese will get to know is と (to). And in fact, it goes quite some way, provided you use it only with nouns, such as in 果物と野菜 (kudamono to yasai, fruits and vegetables) or おばあちゃんとおじいちゃん (obāchan to ojiichan, grandma and granpa).