The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped attitudes toward public health, fiscal policy and the state’s role in the economy.

Demands for greater supply-chain resilience and strategic autonomy in developing and producing medicines have given rise to the concept of “life-science sovereignty.”

French President Emmanuel Macron, for example, has announced an ambitious plan calling for France to produce at least 20 new biotherapies by 2030. With financing from the French public investment bank, his government’s La French Care initiative aims to support the domestic biotech ecosystem and turn France into a “pioneer mRNA nation.” Similarly, many other governments — from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom — are doubling down on their domestic biotech sectors.