Munera Mokgoko was just 3 when apartheid fell. She can barely remember, much less fathom, the swell of hope that accompanied Black liberation three decades ago, shaped by Nelson Mandela's vision of social equality and pan-African solidarity.
"South Africa doesn't have any ubuntu," the 33-year-old said, using a Zulu word meaning humanity, ahead of an election in which the ruling African National Congress (ANC) is pledging to crack down on undocumented migrants from the rest of the continent.
"It's like we don't know how to welcome people."