High-profile universities and state-run research institutes in China have been relying on a U.S. computing chip to power their artificial intelligence (AI) technology but whose export to the country Washington has now restricted, a review showed.

U.S. chip designer Nvidia last week said U.S. government officials have ordered it to stop exporting its A100 and H100 chips to China. Local peer Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) also said new license requirements now prevent export of its advanced AI chip MI250 to China.

The development signaled a major escalation of a U.S. campaign to stymie China's technological capability as tensions bubble over the fate of Taiwan, where chips for Nvidia and almost every other major chip firm are manufactured.