It’s a defining moment in a 146-year history: An icon of corporate Japan locked in a battle with hedge funds and activist investors that will come to a head at a key shareholder vote this week.

On one side, Toshiba Corp.’s management, and — at least at some points in its recent history — the government of Japan.

On the other, some well-known names in the investing world. Effissimo Capital Management Pte. and 3D Investment Partners Pte. in Singapore, Farallon Capital Management out of San Francisco and Oasis Management Co. in Hong Kong.