The United States will likely end its air campaign against Islamic State in Syria when it pulls out troops, U.S. officials said, sealing an abrupt reversal of policy that has alarmed Western allies as well as Washington's Kurdish battle partners.

NATO allies France and Germany warned that Washington's sudden change of course on Syria risks damaging the fight against Islamic State, and some of President Donald Trump's fellow Republicans said the troop pullout strengthened Russia and Iran, which both support Syrian President Bashar Assad.

Trump's troop announcement on Wednesday upended a central pillar of American policy in the Middle East and stunned U.S. lawmakers and allies.