Hiromi Nakasaki remembers working past midnight on New Year's Eve and during holidays as a business systems consultant in Japan's notoriously harsh work environment. Last summer, at the height of her career, she quit.

A consultant in the software industry in Tokyo, Nakasaki uprooted her life to look after her ailing mother, roughly 670 km away in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture.

"I didn't want to wait until something happened to her," said Nakasaki, 55. "I wanted to stay with my mother and help her live as long as she could."