About 70 percent of 105 Japanese people who had gender reassignment surgeries abroad and in Japan between 1995 and 2012 said they were satisfied with the results, but 15 percent said they had serious complications or they needed another operation after the procedures, a survey showed.

The survey released Wednesday came as Japan marked the 10th anniversary this month of the special law allowing people with gender identity disorder to modify their gender in their family register provided they had a sex-change operation among other conditions.

This is the first survey of its kind, according to the Japanese Society of Gender Identity Disorder. An expert said, however, that it is impossible to tell whether 15 percent, or 16 people, who reported problems, is a significant figure or not because every patient had a different procedure.