Japanese who immigrated to Brazil many decades ago have overall been a success, but now as they move deep into their twilight years they are facing mounting problems, including communication problems with their offspring.
The community of Japanese-Brazilians is now 16 million strong, after starting with a group of 781 Japanese who arrived in the South American country in June 1908.
Japanese immigration was suspended during World War II but resumed from 1952 to 1973, during which some 60,000 Japanese arrived.