Geneva –

Talks on forging a landmark treaty to combat the scourge of plastic pollution were stumbling Saturday, with progress slow and countries wildly at odds on how far the proposed agreement should go.

The negotiations, which opened on Tuesday, have four working days left to strike a legally-binding instrument that would tackle the growing problem choking the environment.

In a blunt midway assessment, talks chair Luis Vayas Valdivieso warned the 184 countries negotiating at the United Nations that they had to get shifting to get a deal.

"Progress made has not been sufficient," Vayas told delegates.

"A real push to achieve our common goal is needed," the Ecuadoran diplomat said, adding that Thursday was not a just deadline but "a date by which we must deliver.

"Some articles still have unresolved issues and show little progress towards reaching a common understanding," Vayas lamented.

The key fracture is between countries that want to focus on waste management and others who want a more ambitious treaty that also cuts production and eliminates use of the most toxic chemicals.

And with the talks relying on finding consensus, it has become a game of brinkmanship.

A diplomatic source told reporters that many informal meetings had been scrambled together for Sunday's day off to try and break the deadlock.

"If nothing changes, we won't get there," the source added.

Countries have reconvened in Geneva after the failure of the supposedly fifth and final round of negotiations in Busan, South Korea in 2024.

After four days of talks, the draft text has ballooned from 22 to 35 pages — with the number of brackets in the text going up near fivefold to almost 1,500 as countries insert a blizzard of conflicting wishes and ideas.

The talks are mandated to look at the full life cycle of plastic, from production to pollution, but some countries are unhappy with such a wide scope.

Kuwait spoke up for the so-called Like-Minded Group — a nebulous cluster of mostly oil-producing nations which rejects production limits and wants to focus on treating waste.

"Let us agree on what we can agree. Consensus must be the basis of all our decisions," Kuwait insisted.

Nudging in the same direction, Saudi Arabia, speaking for the Arab Group, said the responsible way ahead was to start considering what bits of the text "may not make it to the final outcome due to irreconcilable divergence."

But given how little is truly agreed on, Uruguay warned that consensus "cannot be used as a justification to not achieve our objectives."

Eirik Lindebjerg, global plastics adviser for the World Wide Fund for Nature, said the Like-Minded Group's proposal was "another attempt to make it a waste management agreement", and to stifle talks on reducing the amount of plastic in circulation.

The U.N. Environment Program is hosting the talks and swiftly called a press conference after the stock-take session.

UNEP executive director Inger Andersen said a deal was "really within our grasp, even though today it might not look so."

"Despite the fog of negotiations I'm really encouraged," she told reporters, insisting: "There is a pathway to success."

Vayas added: "We need to accelerate. We need a better rhythm in this and we need to also work in such a way that it will be clear that we will deliver by the end."

Afterward, Bjorn Beeler, executive director at IPEN, a global network aimed at limiting toxic chemicals, said: "This whole process has not been able to take decisions and is still collecting ideas. We're sleepwalking towards a cliff and if we don't wake up, we're falling off."

Plastic pollution is so ubiquitous that microplastics have been found on the highest mountain peaks, in the deepest ocean trench and scattered throughout almost every part of the human body.

More than 400 million metric tons of plastic are produced globally each year, half of which is for single-use items.

Plastic production is set to triple by 2060.

Panama's negotiator Juan Monterrey Gomez took the floor to slam those countries wanting to stop the treaty from encompassing the entire life cycle of plastic.

He said microplastics "are in our blood, in our lungs and in the first cry of a new-born child. Our bodies are living proof of a system that profits from poisoning us."

"We cannot recycle our way out of this crisis."