As the next Olympic host, Japan has become the focus of a global campaign against child prostitution and exploitation linked to sports, with activists working to shed light on "hidden crimes" they say have a symbiotic relationship with mega-events.
Major sporting events attract troves of tourists to host cities, and it is believed criminal organizations follow, looking to cash in by exploiting vulnerable children pushed into the sex trade or by trafficking them into forced labor.
Despite its reputation for safety and high living standards, Japan is far from immune, according to It's a Penalty, a Britain-based activist group.