China tightened its rare earth export controls on Thursday, expanding restrictions on processing technology, barring unauthorized overseas cooperation and spelling out its intention to limit exports to overseas defense and semiconductor users.
The announcement from the Ministry of Commerce clarifies and expands sweeping controls announced in April that caused massive shortages around the world before a series of deals with Europe and the U.S. resumed shipments.
China produces over 90% of the world's processed rare earths and rare earth magnets. The group of 17 elements are vital materials in products from electric vehicles to aircraft engines and military radars.
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