Twelve years in the political wilderness have ended for Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) with the victory of Mr. Enrique Peña Nieto in this month's presidential election.

Even after a recount confirmed Mr. Peña Nieto's win, the opposition is claiming fraud and continues to challenge the result. The odds of an overturn are practically nonexistent, but that is the least of the new president's concerns: He inherits a country that faces deep and seemingly intractable challenges.

Mexico's president can only run for one six-year term. In theory, that ensures that each election is fought among equals, with no incumbent exploiting an institutional advantage.