PRAGUE -- Fatima, who lives in western Tanzania near Lake Tanganyika, has been suffering for more than a month from a dry, hacking cough. She trembles to think that it might mean she has tuberculosis. Fatima knows that she can find out and, if necessary, receive treatment at the nearest health clinic, a one-hour bus ride away. She ponders asking her husband for the bus fare (about 60 euro), but decides against it. She needs this money to feed her children. Besides, if she tests positive for TB, her husband and all of their neighbors will assume she also has AIDS.

We have interviewed many people living with TB in Tanzania and Nigeria, and Fatima's fears and concerns are not unique. People with TB are commonly stigmatized in sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of accurate information about the disease is widespread.

These realities prevent people who believe they are infected with TB from seeking treatment. In many regions -- and especially in rural areas -- people still believe that TB patients have been bewitched, poisoned, or, as one Nigerian doctor put it, "cursed by the gods."