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Michael Spence
For Michael Spence's latest contributions to The Japan Times, see below:
COMMENTARY / World
Aug 28, 2012
Why is government policymaking paralyzed?
It is no secret that the global economy is struggling. Europe is in the midst of a crisis whose root cause is a structurally flawed monetary and economic union.
COMMENTARY / World
Jun 26, 2012
Clarity in the conflict of austerity versus growth
It seemed clear that Germany (or at least this rather large gathering of government, business, and labor leaders) remains committed to the euro and to deeper European integration, and recognizes that success will require Europe-wide burden-sharing to overcome the ongoing eurozone crisis. The reforms in Italy and Spain are rightly reviewed as crucial, and there appears to be a deep understanding (based on Germany's own experience in the decade and a half following reunification) that restoring competitiveness, employment, and growth takes time.
COMMENTARY / World
May 28, 2012
Why do economies stop growing?
Over the years, advanced and developing countries have experimented, sometimes deliberately and frequently inadvertently, with a variety of approaches to growth. Unfortunately, many of these strategies have turned out to have built-in limitations or decelerators — what one might call elements of unsustainability. And avoiding serious damage and difficult recoveries requires us to get a lot better at recognizing these self-limiting growth patterns early on.
COMMENTARY / World
Apr 26, 2012
Reinventing the Sino-U.S. relationship
China and the United States are in the grip of major structural changes that both dread will end the halcyon era when China produced low-cost goods and the U.S. bought them. In particular, many fear that if these changes lead to direct competition between the two countries, only one side can win.
COMMENTARY / World
Dec 27, 2011
Exchange-rate delusion distracts America from need to restore productivity, trade links
If one looks at the trade patterns of the global economy's two biggest players, two facts leap out:
COMMENTARY / World
Nov 25, 2011
Keeping the eurozone intact
As the economist Mario Monti's new government takes office in Italy, much is at stake — for the country, for Europe and for the global economy.
COMMENTARY / World
Oct 3, 2011
Greater growth with lower domestic demand
As the American economy continues to sputter three years after the global financial crisis erupted, one thing has become clear: The United States cannot generate higher rates of growth in gross domestic product and employment without a change in the mix of the economy's domestic and export-oriented components.
COMMENTARY / World
Jun 7, 2011
A new, sustainable growth model for Asia
Led by Asia, the share of the global economy held by emerging markets has risen steadily over recent decades. For the countries of Asia — especially China and India — sustainable growth is no longer part of a global challenge. Instead, it has become a national growth-strategy issue.
COMMENTARY / World
Feb 22, 2011
Expanding the scope of the export sector
NEW YORK — Since the end of World War II, the global economy's trade and financial openness has increased, thanks to institutions like the International Monetary Fund and successive rounds of liberalization, starting with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947.
COMMENTARY / World
Jan 19, 2011
Global economy: five steps forward in 2011
MILAN — The worst of the financial/economic crisis seems to be over. Asset markets performed reasonably well in 2010. Growth in the United States and parts of Europe returned. Private-sector deleveraging continued, but was counterbalanced by rising public-sector deficits and debt. And emerging-market growth returned to pre-crisis levels and appears to be sustainable, helped by unorthodox policies designed to "sterilize" massive capital inflows.
COMMENTARY / World
Nov 17, 2010
Fixing the U.S. economy
NEW YORK — For many, if not most, Americans, the crisis that befell them in 2008 — leading to slow growth, rising unemployment and high anxiety among voters — appeared to spring from nowhere. Certainly, the vast majority of economists, investment analysts, financial firms and regulators failed to see the growing risk. In fact, it had deep roots.
COMMENTARY / World
Oct 25, 2010
White House magic at halftime
NEW YORK — In September 2008, the global economy and financial system was hit by an earthquake, whose epicenter was in the United States. It was the end of the Bush administration. The presidential election was two months away. The timing, from the point of view of crisis management, could not have been worse.
COMMENTARY / World
Oct 20, 2008
From distress to effective global governance
STANFORD, Calif. — The current credit crisis has led to scaled-back projections for growth around the world. Governments and central banks are responding to damaged balance sheets and credit lockups in an attempt to limit extreme harm to their economies outside the financial sector.

Longform

When trying to trace your lineage in Japan, the "koseki" is the most important form of document you'll encounter.
Climbing the branches of a Japanese family tree