Japan's negotiating skills will be put to the test as Tokyo tries to fend off U.S. demands for a bilateral free trade agreement and counter the threat of tariffs on cars and auto parts.

The longtime allies are set to launch high-level trade talks Thursday in Washington after months of preparations that saw Japan complete domestic procedures to ratify the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement after the U.S. quit and sign a free trade deal with the European Union.

U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, who will meet with economic revitalization minister Toshimitsu Motegi, has expressed a desire for a bilateral free trade agreement and told a Senate hearing that the United States has a "fairly aggressive agenda."