Visiting the United Kingdom recently, I realized for the first time that Britain might actually leave the European Union. Of course, it has talked about this eventuality, on and off, almost since it joined — but for years the constant whining could be dismissed as so much background noise. Things have changed. Attitudes are hardening, and by promising an "in or out" referendum on EU membership after the next election, Prime Minister David Cameron may have put the country on a course that will force it to choose.
If the referendum Cameron promises for 2017 were put to voters tomorrow, the U.K. would probably leave. According to polling by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, only 26 percent of Britons think Europe's economic integration has helped the economy, and only 43 percent have a favorable opinion of the EU. Other recent polls show steady (though mostly slender) majorities in favor of exit.
Cameron will have to win another election to keep his referendum promise. His government is unpopular so that's no sure thing. But the opposition Labour Party will probably have to promise a referendum, too, once the 2015 election comes into view — especially if the U.K. Independence Party, which is committed to an exit, keeps gathering strength. (UKIP already attracts more support than the pro-European Liberal Democrats.) It's hard to run on a platform of denying voters a choice.