The Democratic Party of Japan's policy platform, which pledges large spending projects and an end to expressway tolls, has raised questions about exactly how such projects would be financed.

The proposed establishment of a politician-led governing structure and measures aimed at boosting the role of the prime minister's office in policymaking are also sparking concern over whether politicians would really be able to overcome the expected resistance from bureaucrats.

"It appears the pace of doling out has picked up," said Tomoaki Iwai, a political science professor at Nihon University. "The key to this issue is finding proper sources of financing."