When Japan revised its criminal law in 2017 to impose stricter penalties on sex offenders, it was the first such amendment in 110 years.

Critics of the legislation see Sweden's consent-based sexual offense law as a guide for areas where Japan could go further.

The Scandinavian country's legislation, promulgated in 2018, states that sexual acts require voluntary participation. Under the slogan of "yes means yes," sex without explicit consent is deemed rape.