One evening in late July, a group of adults met at the municipal Gosho-Minami Elementary School in Kyoto to ponder a question.

"How can we link the stone walls of (Kyoto's) Nijo Castle to the pupils' lessons (on the castle's history)?" asked Kenji Miyazaki, 72.

Miyazaki is not a teacher, but chairman of a federation of local self-governing associations. He also heads the school's management council.