Ordinary citizens have expressed concerns that the Communist Party has ruined the image of the nation and hindered personal relationships with Japanese people.
The legislation will enable China's maritime safety agency, which belongs to the transportation ministry, to order foreign vessels to leave what the nation claims as its territorial waters.
Tokyo faces a dilemma on how to get along with its powerful but crucial neighbor as fears grow of a "new Cold War" between Beijing and the United States.
At its National People's Congress, Beijing pledged to make China the world's biggest economy by 2035, in a move that hints at the president's continued ambition.
Strict quarantine measures for anyone traveling outside China make home visits incompatible with work demands, while the well-being of family in Japan remains a concern.
Fears are mounting that Japan will fall further behind the world's second-largest economy — perhaps the only major country to have achieved growth in 2020.
Japanese firms have complained about China's environmental policies, saying they are too strict to obey.
The planned zone would include Macau and a clutch of mainland cities as well as the territory.
Kim Jong Un could extend an olive branch to Japan to receive aid to rebuild North Korea's stagnant economy.
Beijing has voiced a willingness to maintain relatively amicable ties with Tokyo, at a time when its relationship with Washington has grown increasingly acrimonious.
