Homophobia has risen in European countries that do not legally recognize same-sex relationships and acceptance of gay people has jumped in states where they can marry, research released on Wednesday showed.

Most European countries saw a rise in acceptance of same-sex relationships between 2002 and 2016, according to Hungarian researchers who analyzed results from the European Social Survey, carried out every two years.

However, Russia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine all saw acceptance decrease over the 14-year period.