Few foresaw the surprising setback suffered by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his Likud party and the right in general in Israel's recent general election. It is an outcome that will have important ramifications for Israel's domestic politics and foreign policy alike, particularly its Middle Eastern diplomacy.

Although the final vote tally awaits (soldiers' votes have not yet been fully counted), the basic result is known. Given the current stalemate between the right and left, a shift of one or two seats (out of 120) in the Knesset could make a difference in the composition of the next government, which in Israel is always a coalition of some type.

Netanyahu was the sole contender for the position of prime minister, and his re-election, together with the rightwing parties' overall victory, seemed a foregone conclusion. He and his allies were challenged by four parties or electoral lists — Labor, Yesh Atid, Hatnuah, and Meretz — though their leaders (three of them women) were not perceived to be running for prime minister.