A security expert who specializes in the safe recovery of children abducted in cross-border custody disputes is skeptical about whether Japan will ever shake its reputation as the "black hole of international parental child abduction."

Adam Whittington heads a team of former special forces and police personnel who are dispatched around the world to recover children who have been wrongly removed from their home country by one of their parents.

In 16 years his company has retrieved about 150 children and returned them to at least 50 different countries, including Japan.