A rift over Europe's response to the sudden arrival of hundreds of thousands of refugees is leading some in Brussels to voice fears for the future of the European Union.

The 28-nation bloc is torn between solidarity and security as governments struggle to cope with an influx of people fleeing war and oppression in Syria, Afghanistan and the Horn of Africa, which is fueling a political backlash in many countries.

"What was unimaginable before is possible today — that is the disintegration of the European project," Frans Timmermans, the European Commission vice president coordinating EU action on the migration crisis, told the Friends of Europe think tank.