Rumor-spreading short sellers and foreign investors with a hidden agenda.

If you believe China's state-run media, those are some of the key culprits for a stock-market rout that erased $3.2 trillion of value in three weeks — or almost $1 billion for each minute of trading on mainland exchanges. The underlying message, that market manipulation is fueling the selloff, was reinforced by securities regulators last week as they pledged to crack down on "vicious" short selling.

The problem with that narrative, though, is that the numbers tell a different story. Short positions on the Shanghai Stock Exchange totaled just 1.95 billion yuan ($314 million) on Thursday, or less than 0.03 percent of the country's market capitalization, as bears closed out more than half their bets since June 12. Foreign money managers own fewer than 3 percent of Chinese shares, and they've been adding to holdings in Shanghai as prices tumble.