Possibly the most daring piece of modern science is the attempt to predict the patterns that galaxies make in the sky. The bold starting point is a statement on what the universe was like at a time when the entire visible universe was compressed into something the size of a beach ball.

That idea takes some getting used to.

For starters, the notion that the entire visible universe could even fit into something as small as a beach ball is little short of mind-blowing. There are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the visible universe, our Milky Way being just one of them, and each one typically contains several hundred billion stars.