According to EF Education First's English Proficiency Index for 2013, English ability among Japanese is flat-lining — and may even be falling — "despite enormous private investment."

In a damning assessment, EF concludes that "In the past six years, Japanese adults have not improved their English. If anything, their skills have declined slightly. During the same period, other Asian countries, most notably Indonesia and Vietnam, have made enormous progress. Despite being a far wealthier and more developed country, Japan is struggling to teach its students English for use in a competitive global economy."

Newspaper headlines constantly speak of tweaks and reforms to English education here, yet school lessons remain teacher-centered and grammar-heavy, with much of the instruction conducted in Japanese. This means "students have no opportunity to practice or apply new skills," EF says, meaning many Japanese lack confidence when it comes to speaking English despite spending years learning the language.